Investigating Human Rights Education in Curricula: A Comparative Content Analysis of ‘O’ Level Versus SSC English
Abstract
This study aimed to explore human rights concepts as mentioned in Universal Declaration of Human Rights as well as Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan in ‘O’ Level versus SSC in English Textbooks in Pakistan. The study was further focused specifically on exploring civil rights in the English Textbooks of both streams. This research study was based on research questions of how to investigate the main category; sub- categories; issues and directions of civil rights. The study was delimited to the English textbooks being taught in schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Population of the study consisted of all units and lessons of both streams of English Textbooks. Sample of the study was two lessons from each stream which was chosen conveniently and purposively. The researchers collected data through content analysis procedure by using the Model of Shukla (2011). Data were analyzed through frequency and percentage. It was found that civil rights [f= 39 with 81.25%] were more in SSC English Textbook in contrast to ‘O’ Level which was [f= 09 with 18.75%]. It was recommended that policy makers, curriculum designers and textbook boards in both streams of SSC versus ‘O’ Level need to give equal weightage to the main category, sub- categories and issues pertaining to civil rights in the Textbooks of English in order to inculcate awareness of human rights education among students.
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