Drivers of Pathways and Leverage Points of Conflict in Mahaweli Resettlement Scheme in Sri Lanka

  • Pulsie Epa

Abstract

Large-scale forced displacement and resettlement present significant challenges to humanity in the modern world. A portion of the indigenous community in Sri Lanka was resettled as part of the Mahaweli Development project, impacting their original environment and traditional way of life, leading to disputes among various groups. The main objective of this research was to identify the central drivers of conflict that arose in a resettled community due to a modern development project. Data was collected through qualitative and quantitative methods, including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis revealed social, economic, political, and environmental factors as the main contributors to conflict. Within these main drivers, cultural factors, social adaptability, land use patterns, traditional way of life, poverty, modernized development practices, macro-level policy design, weak implementation, intervention of powerful political groups, administrative patterns, resource scarcity, land and forest encroachment, overconsumption of common pool resources, and resource abundance were identified as key leverage points. The escalating conflict in rural resettlement schemes in Sri Lanka is primarily attributed to a lack of attention to conflict resolution and the neglect of minority and affected communities. It is crucial to identify these conflict drivers and leverage points to effectively address and prevent conflicts.

Published
2025-03-27